Thermospray flame furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) was used for the total determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in fresh water and seawater samples at µg L-1 levels, and in marine sediment samples at µg g-1 levels. Using a sample loop of 50 µL and a peristaltic pump the samples were transported into the metallic tube placed over an air/acetylene flame, through a ceramic capillary (o.d. = 3.2 mm) containing two parallel internal orifices (i.d = 0.5 mm). The detection limits determined for Cd, Pb and Zn using a synthetic water matrix (2.5% m/v NaCl, 0.5% m/v MgCl2 and 0.8% m/v CaCl2) were 0.32 µg L-1; 2.6 µg L-1 and 0.21 µg L-1 respectively. The methodology by TS-FF-AAS was validated by determination of Cd, Pb and Zn in certified reference materials of water and marine sediment, and the t-test for differences between means was applied. No statistically significant differences were established in fresh water and seawater (p>0.05), whereas differences became apparent in marine sediment (p<0.03).

We evaluated trophic relationships between the coleopteran D. asperatus and five potencial hosts plants (Peumus boldus, Lithrea caustica, Cryptocarya alba, Aextoxicon punctatum and Luma apiculata) in a coastal forest of the Hualpén peninsula (36 S). Leaf shape and degree of sclerophylly were examined as possible determinants of host preferences and insect survival. Although D. asperatus was significantly more abundant on P. boldus, there were no significant differences in consumption of leaves of P. boldus, L. caustica and L. apiculata. Adults insects tended to stay under the concave leafs of boldo. Highest and lowest survival was registered in insects fed on P. boldus (72%) and A. punctatum (26%) respectively. The concave leaf of P. boldus represents a possible refuge, and the higher abundance and survival of insects, in spite of the highly sclerophyllous nature of this species, suggests that D. asperatus is an ecological specialist in P. boldus. However, as D. asperatus is common on other plant species at other sites, it can only be considered a local specialist on P. boldus at Hualpén.

En un fragmento de vegetación esclerófila-higrófila de la Península de Hualpén (36 S) se evaluó si existen asociaciones de tipo trófica entre D. asperatus y cinco potenciales plantas hospederas: Peumus boldus, Lithrea caustica, Cryptocarya alba, Aextoxicon punctatum y Luma apiculata. Se determinó si existe preferencia de hospedero y si esta está relacionada con la forma cóncava de las hojas, carácter esclerófilo de ellas y con la mayor sobrevivencia de los insectos. Los insectos son significativamente más abundantes en boldo, pero no existen diferencias en el consumo foliar entre boldo, litre y arrayán. Boldo y litre tienen hojas más duras respecto de olivillo y arrayán. Los insectos adultos tienden a permanecer bajo hojas cóncavas de P. boldus. La mayor y menor sobrevivencia se registró en individuos alimentados con P. boldus (72%) y A. punctatum (26%), respectivamente. La disponibilidad de refugio que pueden representar las hojas cóncavas de P. boldus, la mayor sobrevivencia y abundancia de los insectos que las consumen, a pesar de su alto nivel de esclerofilia, permitirían considerar a D. asperatus como un insecto especialista ecológico de P. boldus. El registro de D. asperatus sobre otras especies vegetales en otras áreas geográficas, permitirían considerar a esta especie como un especialista local de Hualpén.